Does Your Research Raise Security Concerns?

Does Your Research Raise Security Concerns?

From Post--Lyme Syndrome to Sick Building Syndrome, a new paradigm for medically uncertain symptom

From Post--Lyme Syndrome to Sick Building Syndrome, a new paradigm for medically uncertain symptom
(1)"While environmental SERRATIA MARCESCENS strains are often red, due to the production of prodigiosin, the strains associated with hospital outbreaks are mostly non-pigmented." "NEUROSPORA CRASSA" is a pinkish to red mold but is not as common and is generally lighter in color then Serratia marcescens." "NEUROSPORA CRASSA" , is a central organism in the history of twentieth-century genetics, biochemistry and molecular biology.

E-COLI AND THE WIDESPREAD OCCURRENCE OF ULTRA HIGH MICROBIAL RESISTANCE

E-COLI AND THE WIDESPREAD OCCURRENCE OF ULTRA HIGH MICROBIAL RESISTANCE

"THE DUAL USE DILEMMA"


Serratia Marcescens.(SM) Synonomy: Chromobacter prodigiosus, Bacterium prodigiosus, Micrococcus prodigiosus, Serratia marcescens Bizio, Zaogalactina imetropha Sette, Monas prodigiosa Ehrenberg, Palmella prodigiosa Montagne, Micrococcus prodigiosus Cohn, Bacillus prodigiosus Fluegge, Bacillus imetrophus Trevisan, Bacillus marcescens De Toni and Trevisan,

MRSA-MSSA-VRE-VSE

American Phytopathological Society

American Phytopathological Society

NOSTOCOIDA / TETRASPHAERA / AVIAN VACUOLAR MYELINOPATHY / BALD EAGLE DEMISE

NOSTOCOIDA / TETRASPHAERA / AVIAN VACUOLAR MYELINOPATHY / BALD EAGLE DEMISE

KEY ARTICLE: ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF MARINE CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOMS

KEY ARTICLE: ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF MARINE CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOMS

MICROCYSTIN-LR / FAST DEATH FACTOR

The microcystins are hepatotoxic products of freshwater blooms of cyanobacteria of Microcystis spp., M. aeruginosa in particular. Microcystin-LR, also known as the fast death factor, is the most common of the microcystins and presumably the toxin of choice to be weaponized. Although the aerosolized form of microcystin is the most likely threat, ingestion - even from natural sources - must be considered a significant hazard.

SAN-FRANCISCO

SAN-FRANCISCO
The first distribution, biomass and toxocity study of a newly established bloom of the colonial cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa was conducted on October 15, 2003, in the upper San Francisco Bay Estuary. Mycrocystis aeruginosa was widely distributed throughout 180 km of waterways in the upper San Francisco Bay Estuary from freshwater to brackish water environments and contained hepatotoxic microcystins at all stations.

CLICK IMAGE TO OBTAIN PSI BLAST RESULTS BASED ON ITS PHOMA SP.

CLICK IMAGE TO OBTAIN PSI BLAST RESULTS BASED ON ITS PHOMA SP.
ITS PHOMA sp. >Contig_1 ATCATTAAATACAGTAGATTTCTACTGATCGGGGGGGGTGGAAAGTCCCAGTTTGATTACTGGATCGCGAGTAAGCCCC CTGTCTGCACCCTTGTCTTTTGCGTACTTATGTTTCCTCGGCGGGCTTGCCTGCCGAATGGACAATTCTAAAACCTTTT TAATTTTCAATCAGCGTCTGAACAATTATAATAATTACAACTTTCAACAACGGATCTCTTGGTTCTGGCATCGATGAAG AACGCAGCGAAATGCGATAAGTAGTGTGAATTGCAGAATTCAGTGAATCATCGAATCTTTGAACGCACATTGCGCCCCT TGGTATTCCATGGGGCATGCCTGTTCGAGCGTCATTTGTACCCTCAAGCTATGCTTGGTGTTGGGTGTTTGTCCTCTCC CTTGCGTTTGGACTCGCCTTAAAGAAATTGGCAGCCAGTGTATTGGTATAGAAGCGCAGCACAATTTGCGACTCTAGCT AATAATTACTTGCAACCATCAAGTCTA //// ITS AGROCYBE PEDIADES (Fr.) FAYOD >Contig_1 CCGAGGCAACTCGGTCGGGAGGACTGCTGGCTTTCACGAGTCGGCTTTCCTTGTATTATCCAGGCCTATGTCTTACACA TACCCCAAAGAATGTAACAGAATGTATTGTATATGGCCTAGTGCCTATAAACTATATACAACTTTCAGCAACGGATCTC TTGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGCAGCGAAATGCGATAAGTAATGTGAATTGCAGAATTCAGTGAATCATCGAATCT TTGAACGCACCTTGCGCTCCTTGGTATTCCGAGGAGCATGCCTGTTTGAGTGTCATTAAATTCTCAACCTTATTAGCTT TTGCTGATAATGGCTTGGACTTGGGGGTCTTTTTGCTGGCTTTCATTAGTCTGCTCCCCTTAAATGTATTAGCCGGTGC CCCGCAGTGGAACCGTCTATTGGTGTGATAATTATCTACGCCGTGGACGTCTGCTATAATGGGTTTGCGCTGCTTCTAA CCGTCTCTCGGGACAACACAAATGACAA

Phoma and related pleosporalean genera


Highlights of the Didymellaceae: A polyphasic approach to characterise Phoma and related pleosporalean genera
Fungal taxonomists routinely encounter problems when dealing with asexual fungal species due to poly- and paraphyletic generic phylogenies, and unclear species boundaries. These problems are aptly illustrated in the genus Phoma. This phytopathologically significant fungal genus is currently subdivided into nine sections which are mainly based on a single or just a few morphological characters. However, this subdivision is ambiguous as several of the section-specific characters can occur within a single species. In addition, many teleomorph genera have been linked to Phoma, three of which are recognised here. In this study it is attempted to delineate generic boundaries, and to come to a generic circumscription which is more correct from an evolutionary point of view by means of multilocus sequence typing. Therefore, multiple analyses were conducted utilising sequences obtained from 28S nrDNA (Large Subunit - LSU), 18S nrDNA (Small Subunit - SSU), the Internal Transcribed Spacer regions 1 & 2 and 5.8S nrDNA (ITS), and part of the β-tubulin (TUB) gene region. A total of 324 strains were included in the analyses of which most belonged to Phoma taxa, whilst 54 to related pleosporalean fungi. In total, 206 taxa were investigated, of which 159 are known to have affinities to Phoma. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the current Boeremaean subdivision is incorrect from an evolutionary point of view, revealing the genus to be highly polyphyletic. Phoma species are retrieved in six distinct clades within the Pleosporales, and appear to reside in different families. The majority of the species, however, including the generic type, clustered in a recently established family, Didymellaceae. In the second part of this study, the phylogenetic variation of the species and varieties in this clade was further assessed. Next to the genus Didymella, which is considered to be the sole teleomorph of Phoma s. str., we also retrieved taxa belonging to the teleomorph genera Leptosphaerulina and Macroventuria in this clade. Based on the sequence data obtained, the Didymellaceae segregate into at least 18 distinct clusters, of which many can be associated with several specific taxonomic characters. Four of these clusters were defined well enough by means of phylogeny and morphology, so that the associated taxa could be transferred to separate genera. Aditionally, this study addresses the taxonomic description of eight species and two varieties that are novel to science, and the recombination of 61 additional taxa.

Keywords: Boeremia, coelomycetes, Didymella, Didymellaceae, DNA phylogeny, Epicoccum, Leptosphaerulina, Macroventuria, Peyronellaea, Phoma, Pleosporales, taxonomy, Stagonosporopsis


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PHOMA spp.

PHOMA spp.

FUSARIUM SOLANI / PHOMA

FUSARIUM SOLANI / PHOMA

GLOBAL BIODOVERSITY INFORMATION FACILITY

Synonyms: Naucoria vervacti, Agrocybe arvalis, Agaricus arenicola, Agaricus temulentus, Agrocybe temulenta, Agrocybe arenaria, Agrocybe subpediades, Naucoria subpediades, Naucoria temulenta, Agrocybe temulenta, Pseudodeconica semiorbicularis, Naucoria pediades, Agaricus pediades, Agrocybe arenicola, Agrocybe semiorbicularis, Nolanea pediades, Naucoria semiorbicularis, Naucoria arenaria, Agaricus semiorbicularis

QUICK DETAIL

The abbreviation (sp.) used after a genus name refers to an undetermined species; (spp.) after a genus name refers to several species without naming them individually.

ARCHIVE

DIRTY PRACTICE/ SCIENTIFIC MISCONDUCT

BLEACH BATHS MARCH 2010

March 26, 2010 (Atlanta, Georgia) — Nasal application of 2% mupirocin and bleach baths were found to be more effective at eradicating Staphylococcus aureus colonization than other interventions, according to the findings of a randomized trial.
Bernard C. Camins, MD, from the Division of Infectious Diseases at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, reported the findings here at the Fifth Decennial International Conference on Healthcare-Associated Infections 2010.
According to the researchers, a variety of strategies have been used to decolonize patients with varying results, and there are "no published data on controlled trials evaluating the optimal methods for decolonization and their efficacy in preventing recurrent S aureus infections."
Dr. Camins and colleagues evaluated the effectiveness of decolonization methods in the eradication of S aureus carriage in 193 children and 107 adults presenting with community-acquired S aureus skin and soft tissue infections.
In addition to education on personal hygiene, all eligible patients were randomize to 1 of 4 groups: no intervention (control); application of 2% mupirocin ointment to both anterior nares twice daily for 5 days; application of 2% mupirocin ointment intranasally plus daily showers with 4% chlorhexidine solution for 5 days; and application of 2% mupirocin ointment intranasally plus daily 30-minute soaks in dilute bleach water for 5 days.
Of the patients, 68% were colonized with methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) and 32% were colonized with methicillin-sensitive S aureus alone. All interventions were effective 1 month postintervention at eradicating S aureus carriage, compared with the control group.
At 4 months postintervention, only the mupirocin plus bleach bath was found to be effective at eradicating S aureus colonization (69% vs 48%; relative risk, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.05 - 2.01; P = .02). All treatment groups were well tolerated, with dry skin being the most common adverse effect.
"This current study is a pilot feasibility study for a larger trial to determine whether decolonization would prevent future episodes of skin and soft tissue infection," Dr. Camins told Medscape Infectious Diseases.
"Before we completed the trial, decolonization methods were being used clinically without any scientific data supporting their use," he said. "Now that we have completed our trial, at least clinicians can feel comfortable recommending the intranasal application of mupirocin plus bleach baths in patients with recurrent community-acquired MRSA skin/soft tissue infections," he said.
Dr. Camins added that they were surprised that the mupirocin plus chlorhexidine intervention did not lead to decolonization, compared with the control group, at 4 months.
According to Keith M. Ramsey, MD, from the Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University in Greenville, North Carolina, who attended the meeting, the addition of the diluted 30-minute bleach bath to nasal mupirocintreatments, resulting in two thirds of the S aureus carriers remaining free of carriage for up to 4 months, is a new finding, and should be explored in larger studies.
Dr. Ramsey told Medscape infectious Diseases that "it would be interesting to follow the subjects in the treatment arms to determine if any of the decolonization regimens result in differences in subsequent or recurrent clinical disease with S aureus or MRSA."
This study was supported by an unrestricted grant from Pfizer. Chlorhexidine solution was provided by Mölnlycke Health Care. Taro Pharmaceuticals contributed generic mupirocin ointment. Dr. Camins reports being a consultant for Pfizer. Dr. Ramsey reports being a consultant for BD GeneOhm and on the speakers' bureau for MedImmune, Cubist, and OrthoMcNeil.
Fifth Decennial International Conference on Healthcare-Associated Infections (ICHAI) 2010: Abstract 502. Presented March 20, 2010.

**** KEY ARTICLES VIA: Fungal Genomes and Comparative Genomics

**** Uncultivable bacteria: Implications and recent trends towards identification