SILENTSUPERBUG REFERENCE SITE 2010 - 2011

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CA-MRSA: preventing, managing leading culprit in skin, soft tissue infections

CA-MRSA: preventing, managing leading culprit in skin, soft tissue infections
Other decolonization options include combining topical mupirocin with systemic antimicrobial agents and antiseptic body washes such as chlorahexidine, but further research is needed. “There are several different oral regimens like giving a quinolone such as ciprofloxacin plus rifampin, or tetracycline or doxycycline plus rifampin. (TO RETRIEVE ARTICLE CLICK TEXT)

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VIDEO: MSSA/ CA-MRSA/ MRSA

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STRAIN CBL001 AND THE CYANOBACTERIUM NOSTOC SP. (CONNECT HERE TO OBTAIN THE PSI BLAST RESULTS)

STRAIN CBL001 ITS SEQUENCE

>ATCATTAAATACAGTAGATTTCTACTGATCGGGGGGGGTGGAAAGTCCCAGTTTGATTACTGGATCGCGAGTAAGCCCC CTGTCTGCACCCTTGTCTTTTGCGTACTTATGTTTCCTCGGCGGGCTTGCCTGCCGAATGGACAATTCTAAAACCTTTT TAATTTTCAATCAGCGTCTGAACAATTATAATAATTACAACTTTCAACAACGGATCTCTTGGTTCTGGCATCGATGAAG AACGCAGCGAAATGCGATAAGTAGTGTGAATTGCAGAATTCAGTGAATCATCGAATCTTTGAACGCACATTGCGCCCCT TGGTATTCCATGGGGCATGCCTGTTCGAGCGTCATTTGTACCCTCAAGCTATGCTTGGTGTTGGGTGTTTGTCCTCTCC CTTGCGTTTGGACTCGCCTTAAAGAAATTGGCAGCCAGTGTATTGGTATAGAAGCGCAGCACAATTTGCGACTCTAGCT AATAATTACTTGCAACCATCAAGTCTA >CCGAGGCAACTCGGTCGGGAGGACTGCTGGCTTTCACGAGTCGGCTTTCCTTGTATTATCCAGGCCTATGTCTTACACA TACCCCAAAGAATGTAACAGAATGTATTGTATATGGCCTAGTGCCTATAAACTATATACAACTTTCAGCAACGGATCTC TTGGCTCTCGCATCGATGAAGAACGCAGCGAAATGCGATAAGTAATGTGAATTGCAGAATTCAGTGAATCATCGAATCT TTGAACGCACCTTGCGCTCCTTGGTATTCCGAGGAGCATGCCTGTTTGAGTGTCATTAAATTCTCAACCTTATTAGCTT TTGCTGATAATGGCTTGGACTTGGGGGTCTTTTTGCTGGCTTTCATTAGTCTGCTCCCCTTAAATGTATTAGCCGGTGC CCCGCAGTGGAACCGTCTATTGGTGTGATAATTATCTACGCCGTGGACGTCTGCTATAATGGGTTTGCGCTGCTTCTAA CCGTCTCTCGGGACAACACAAATGACAA

TRYPANOSOMA / EUGLENA / NOVEL BIOGENESIS PATHWAY

STRAIN CBL001 AND EUGLENA

MICROCYSTIN-LR / FAST DEATH FACTOR

The microcystins are hepatotoxic products of freshwater blooms of cyanobacteria of Microcystis spp., M. aeruginosa in particular. Microcystin-LR, also known as the fast death factor, is the most common of the microcystins and presumably the toxin of choice to be weaponized. Although the aerosolized form of microcystin is the most likely threat, ingestion - even from natural sources - must be considered a significant hazard.

QUICK DETAIL: http://microbiology.mtsinai.on.ca/mig/difungi/index.shtml
Three other agents, which, like R. seeberi, reproduce by endosporulation include Coccidioides sp., Prototheca sp. and Chlorella sp. Of these, Coccidioides sp. may be the most difficult to differentiate. Prototheca is an achlorophyllic mutant of the green alga Chlorella. The Genus Prototheca was described in 1894 by Kruger to designate a group of non-pigmented unicellular organisms isolated from the mucous flux of trees. Based on a yeast like appearance in culture, early investigators, including Kruger (1849 a, b) considered the organism to be a fungus. This view was generally accepted until West (1916) directed attention to its alga-like mode of reproduction. Unlike most yeasts, Prototheca does not propagate by budding, but by internally produced spores which are morphologically identical to the parent cell. This method of sporulation is indistinguishable from that observed in the green alga chlorella. Based on this observationWest (1916) classified the organism in the chlorophyaceae. Source: Protothecosis - Algal infection, Bernard F. Fetter, Gordon K. Klintworth, and Harry S. Nielsen, Jr Durham/ North Carolina, USA. Cultural Morphology: On solid media, isolates of Prototheca are similar to many yeasts or yeast like fungi. cultures vary from white to cream colored and may be smooth, wrinkled, or pasty depending upon the strain. In diagnostic laboratory, the organism must be distinguished from species of candida and cryptococcus, and to a lesser extent from the yeast forms of Histoplasma and Blastomyces. Alternative formulation: "At first sight Prototheca can be confused with Lacazia loboi, Coccidioides immitis, Pneumocystis carinii, Histoplasma duboisii and Blasto-myces dermatitidis ...

New terminology versus old terminology

NEW terminology: MESOMYCETOZOA. OLD terminology: The phylogeny of Rhinosporidium seeberi still seems to be somewhat controversial in the literature. Formerly, R. seeberi was classified as a fungus. Recently, based on polymerase chain reaction analysis of it’s 18S rRNA gene, it has been suggested to be a member of the DRIP’s clade, a novel clade of aquatic protistan parasites. The “DRIPs” clade obtains its name from the other organisms classified in this group: Dermocystidium spp., Rosette Agent, Ichthyophonus spp., and Psorospemium spp., however the term Ichthyosporea has been proposed for future taxonomy of this group of microbes. Based on recent PCR analysis the Dermocystidium genus appears to be the nearest phylogenetic relative to R. seeberi.

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The abbreviation (sp.) used after a genus name refers to an undetermined species; (spp.) after a genus name refers to several species without naming them individually.

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